Application:

Tetracaine (INN, also known as amethocaine; trade name Pontocaine. Ametop and Dicaine) is a potent
local anesthetic of the ester group. It is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic, and
it has been used in spinal anesthesia.
In biomedical research, tetracaine is used to alter the function of calcium release channels (ryanodine
receptors) that control the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Tetracaine is an allosteric blocker
of channel function. At low concentrations, tetracaine causes an initial inhibition of spontaneous calcium
release events, while at high concentrations, tetracaine blocks release completely.
Tetracaine is the T in Tac, a mixture of 5 to 12 per cent tetracaine, 5 (per myriad), a half per mille (0.5‰),
or .05 per cent (1 part in 2000) adrenaline, and 4 or 10 per cent   hydrochloride used in ear, nose
& throat surgery and in the emergemcy department where numbing of the surface is needed rapidly,
especially when children have been injured in the eye, ear, or other sensitive locations.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication
needed in a basic health system. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
investigated tetracaine for use in emergency departments, especially for IV cannulation in children, in view
of its analgesic and cost-saving properties however it did not find a statistically significant improvement in
first attempt cannulations.
Used for mucosal epidermal anesthesia, nerve tissue anesthesia, epidural anesthesia and Subarachnoid space anesthesia.
In the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparation for external use, to relieve the pain of drugs or medication lesions pain.
-6, Function  Hydrochloride:
A- For block anesthesia and epidural anesthesia.
B- Also used for ventricular arrhythmias caused by myocardial infarction, digitalism, glucantime poisoning, surgery and so on. Such as ventricular tachycardia, frequent ventricular premature beat, ventricular fibrillation.
C- As painkillers of injection in the medicament.
D- Also used in suppository and ointment preparation, etc.
-7, Function of Benzocaine: For cosmetics ultraviolet absorption, local anesthetics, for wounds, ulcers and hemorrhoids pain.

Specifications:

Description:

Levobupivacaine (rINN) is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine.
The hydrochloride salt of levobupivacaine, an amide derivative with anesthetic property. Levobupivacaine reversibly binds voltage-gated sodium channels to modulate ionic flux and prevent the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses (stabilizing neuronal membrane), thereby resulting in analgesia and anesthesia. In comparison with racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action.

Applications:

Levobupivacaine is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine hydrochloride and is chemically described as (S)-1-butyl-2-piperidylformo-2', 6'-xylidide hydrochloride.
Levobupivacaine is a member of the amino amide class of local anaesthetics. It is indicated for surgical anesthesia and postoperative pain management.